Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Dose escalation with intraoperative radiotherapy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (INTRAGO-II): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial.

The Lancet. Oncology·2026

Same author

Intrathecal nivolumab in metastatic solid tumors with leptomeningeal disease: dose escalation part of the multicenter IT-PD1/NOA-26 phase 1 trial.

Nature cancer·2026

Same author

APTw CEST MRI in therapy-naive IDH-wildtype glioblastoma: insights into tumor heterogeneity and molecular subtypes.

Journal of neuro-oncology·2026

Same author

End-of-life challenges in neuro-oncological patient care: A survey from the Junge Neuroonkologische Arbeitsgemeinschaft.

Neuro-oncology practice·2026

Same author

User preference-based human-in-the-loop tuning of exoskeleton assistance during walking.

npj biomedical innovations·2026

Same author

Proof of concept: Portable ultra-low-field MRI for the assessment of brain tumors.

Neuro-oncology practice·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Surgical Transplantation of Tumor Cells into the Spinal Cord of Mice

Surgical Transplantation of Tumor Cells into the Spinal Cord of Mice

Published on: December 27, 2024

Primary CNS lymphoma: a clinician's guide.

Niklas Schäfer¹, Martin Glas, Ulrich Herrlinger

¹Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

|October 23, 2012

Summary

Primary CNS lymphoma is a serious brain cancer. Early diagnosis and treatment, especially high-dose methotrexate chemotherapy, improve survival, particularly in patients under 65.

Area of Science:

Neuro-oncology
Hematology
Clinical Medicine

Background:

Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is an aggressive brain malignancy.
Delayed diagnosis and treatment significantly worsen prognosis.
Age at diagnosis is a critical prognostic factor, with younger patients (<65) having better outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of primary CNS lymphoma.
To detail current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
To offer guidance for specific clinical scenarios.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical presentation and diagnostic steps.
Analysis of current first-line treatment protocols, focusing on high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy.
Discussion of prognostic factors and management in distinct clinical situations.

More Related Videos

Minimally Invasive Cisterna Magna Injection Model for Leptomeningeal Metastasis Studies in Mice

Minimally Invasive Cisterna Magna Injection Model for Leptomeningeal Metastasis Studies in Mice

Published on: May 23, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Surgical Transplantation of Tumor Cells into the Spinal Cord of Mice

Surgical Transplantation of Tumor Cells into the Spinal Cord of Mice

Published on: December 27, 2024

Minimally Invasive Cisterna Magna Injection Model for Leptomeningeal Metastasis Studies in Mice

Minimally Invasive Cisterna Magna Injection Model for Leptomeningeal Metastasis Studies in Mice

Published on: May 23, 2025

Main Results:

PCNSL necessitates prompt diagnosis and intervention.
High-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy is the standard first-line treatment.
Younger patients (<65 years) demonstrate a higher likelihood of long-term survival compared to elderly patients.

Conclusions:

Effective management of PCNSL hinges on timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Age is a key determinant of long-term survival in PCNSL.
Current therapeutic approaches, centered on methotrexate chemotherapy, offer potential for long-term survival in select patient populations.