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Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS01:17

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Serotonin Receptor Agonists01:23

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Serotonin Receptor Agonists

Serotonin, a crucial neurotransmitter synthesized by enterochromaffin cells, plays a cardinal role in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) motility. With over 90% of the body's total serotonin in the GI tract, its influence on digestive processes is profound. Serotonin is swiftly released upon various stimuli, such as food boluses or certain drugs, triggering intrinsic sensory neurons in the myenteric plexus and extrinsic vagal and spinal sensory neurons. This leads to the activation of the...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),...
Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide generation. 
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Other Laxatives01:20

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Other Laxatives

Laxatives are primarily used to alleviate constipation, a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by infrequent bowel movements and difficulty passing stools. They work by various mechanisms to increase the volume or frequency of bowel movements. The primary modes of action of laxatives include increasing stool bulk, softening the stool, stimulating intestinal motility, and osmotically drawing water into the intestines.
Osmotic or saline laxatives, like magnesium hydroxide or milk of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Clinical Application of Microscope-Assisted Minimally Invasive Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion
04:42

Clinical Application of Microscope-Assisted Minimally Invasive Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion

Published on: June 16, 2023

Linaclotide: first global approval.

Vanessa McWilliams1, Glenn Whiteside, Kate McKeage

  • 1Adis RD Insight, Springer Healthcare, Auckland, New Zealand.

Drugs
|October 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Linaclotide, a novel guanylate cyclase-C agonist, has gained US approval for treating irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) and chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC). This marks a significant milestone for gastrointestinal disorder treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Pharmacology
  • Drug Development

Background:

  • Linaclotide is a first-in-class, minimally absorbed, orally administered guanylate cyclase-C agonist.
  • It is being developed for gastrointestinal disorders by Ironwood Pharmaceuticals and its global partners.
  • The drug targets the treatment of functional gastrointestinal diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key development milestones of linaclotide.
  • To highlight the drug's journey leading to its first global approval.
  • To provide an overview of linaclotide's regulatory progress.

Main Methods:

  • Review of linaclotide's development pipeline.
  • Analysis of regulatory submissions and approvals.
  • Extraction and modification of data from the Adis R&D Insight database.

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Clinical Application of Microscope-Assisted Minimally Invasive Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion
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Main Results:

  • Linaclotide received its first global approval in the US for IBS-C and CIC.
  • A marketing submission for IBS-C has been filed in the EU.
  • The drug's development pathway involved multiple pharmaceutical partners worldwide.

Conclusions:

  • Linaclotide's approval represents a significant advancement in treating IBS-C and CIC.
  • The drug's development showcases a successful global collaboration.
  • Further regulatory submissions are anticipated in other regions.