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Published on: October 10, 2017
Caudal epidural anti-nociception using lidocaine, bupivacaine or their combination in cows undergoing reproductive
Nasser Vesal1, Mohammadrahim Ahmadi, Mehrzad Foroud
1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. nv1340@shirazu.ac.ir
Objective:
To evaluate the anti-nociceptive effects of lidocaine, lidocaine-bupivacaine combination or bupivacaine following caudal epidural administration in cows undergoing reproductive procedures.
Study Design:
Blinded, randomized experimental study.
Animals:
Thirty seven healthy Holstein cows (mean weight ± SD, 633 ± 41 kg).
Methods:
Animals were allocated randomly to receive one of four treatments: group LID, 0.2 mg kg(-1) lidocaine 2%; group LID-BUP, lidocaine-bupivacaine mixture in a 1:1 volume ratio (0.1 mg kg(-1) and 0.025 mg kg(-1), respectively); group BUP-LD, 0.05 mg kg(-1) bupivacaine 0.5%; and group BUP-HD, 0.06 mg kg(-1) bupivacaine 0.5%. The onset and duration of perineal anti-nociception were determined using superficial and deep pin pricks and the number of cows with complete perineal anti-nociception was recorded. Parameters were compared using anova followed by Duncan's test where relevant.
Results:
Mean ± SD time to onset of anti-nociception following epidural administration of BUP-LD was significantly longer than for LID-BUP (p < 0.05). The duration (in minutes) of perineal anti-nociception was significantly longer following epidural administration of BUP-HD (247 ± 31) versus LID-BUP (181 ± 33) and LID (127 ± 25) minutes respectively. The % of cows with complete anti-nociception was increased in the group treated with BUP-HD compared to BUP-LD. Severe ataxia or recumbency did not occur in any groups.
Conclusions And Clinical Relevance:
Epidurally administered bupivacaine, at a dose of 0.06 mg kg(-1), may provide satisfactory caudal epidural anti-nociception for longer-duration obstetric and surgical procedures.
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