Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Formation of Lipopolysaccharides01:19

Formation of Lipopolysaccharides

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are crucial components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, serving both structural and functional roles. It contributes to membrane stability and protects bacteria from host immune responses. LPS is composed of three major regions—lipid A, a core oligosaccharide, and an O antigen. The biosynthesis and assembly of LPS involve a highly coordinated set of enzymatic reactions and transport mechanisms. Additionally, LPS is recognized as an endotoxin, triggering...
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:38

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Overview
Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

Overview
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized by phagocytes.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Complex Regulation of RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED's Interactions With E2Fs via Phosphorylation.

Plant, cell & environment·2026
Same author

Systemic stem cell treatment rescues injured motoneurons by reducing L-selectin expression on leukocytes.

Stem cell research & therapy·2025
Same author

Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Efficiently Modulate the Crosstalk Between Macrophages and Cancer Cells.

International journal of nanomedicine·2025
Same author

RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED Has Both Canonical and Noncanonical Regulatory Functions During Thermo-Morphogenic Responses in Arabidopsis Seedlings.

Plant, cell & environment·2024
Same author

Two members of a Nodule-specific Cysteine-Rich (NCR) peptide gene cluster are required for differentiation of rhizobia in Medicago truncatula nodules.

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology·2024
Same author

Restoration of Motor Function through Delayed Intraspinal Delivery of Human IL-10-Encoding Nucleoside-Modified mRNA after Spinal Cord Injury.

Research (Washington, D.C.)·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Isolation Protocol of Mouse Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells and Their Subsequent In Vitro Activation with Tumor Immune Complexes
11:48

Isolation Protocol of Mouse Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells and Their Subsequent In Vitro Activation with Tumor Immune Complexes

Published on: May 31, 2018

Interactions between LPS moieties and macrophage pattern recognition receptors.

Zsuzsanna Gyorfy1, Erno Duda, Csaba Vizler

  • 1Biological Research Center of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Temesvari krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary. gyorfyzs@brc.hu

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
|October 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Macrophages interact with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a key component of Gram-negative bacteria. This review details how macrophages engage with LPS

More Related Videos

Investigation of Macrophage Polarization Using Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages
10:07

Investigation of Macrophage Polarization Using Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages

Published on: June 23, 2013

A Macrophage Reporter Cell Assay to Examine Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated NF-kB/AP-1 Signaling on Adsorbed Protein Layers on Polymeric Surfaces
07:55

A Macrophage Reporter Cell Assay to Examine Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated NF-kB/AP-1 Signaling on Adsorbed Protein Layers on Polymeric Surfaces

Published on: January 7, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Isolation Protocol of Mouse Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells and Their Subsequent In Vitro Activation with Tumor Immune Complexes
11:48

Isolation Protocol of Mouse Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells and Their Subsequent In Vitro Activation with Tumor Immune Complexes

Published on: May 31, 2018

Investigation of Macrophage Polarization Using Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages
10:07

Investigation of Macrophage Polarization Using Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages

Published on: June 23, 2013

A Macrophage Reporter Cell Assay to Examine Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated NF-kB/AP-1 Signaling on Adsorbed Protein Layers on Polymeric Surfaces
07:55

A Macrophage Reporter Cell Assay to Examine Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated NF-kB/AP-1 Signaling on Adsorbed Protein Layers on Polymeric Surfaces

Published on: January 7, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Microbiology
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis and Host Defense

Background:

  • Mammalian hosts continuously interact with Gram-negative bacteria, both pathogenic and commensal.
  • The immune system distinguishes between gut commensals and pathogens, but targets both outside the digestive tract.
  • Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a critical cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria and a major activator of immune cells, particularly macrophages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interactions between macrophages and the primary components of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
  • To elucidate the roles of lipid A, core, and O-antigen regions of LPS in macrophage activation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on immunological studies of Gram-negative bacteria and host-pathogen interactions.
  • Analysis of research detailing macrophage responses to bacterial components.
  • Synthesis of findings on the specific molecular targets within LPS.

Main Results:

  • Macrophages recognize various bacterial constituents, including LPS, peptidoglycan, and outer membrane proteins.
  • Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a dominant molecular target that significantly influences immune cell activation.
  • The distinct regions of LPS—lipid A, core, and O-antigen—mediate specific interactions with macrophages.

Conclusions:

  • Macrophages play a central role in host defense against Gram-negative bacteria through LPS recognition.
  • Understanding LPS-macrophage interactions is crucial for developing strategies against bacterial infections.
  • The structural diversity of LPS contributes to the complexity of immune responses.