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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targets for Drug Action: Overview01:26

Targets for Drug Action: Overview

Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
Intracellular Hormone Receptors01:08

Intracellular Hormone Receptors

Lipid-soluble hormones diffuse across the plasma and nuclear membrane of target cells to bind to their specific intracellular receptors. These receptors act as transcription factors that regulate gene expression and protein synthesis in the target cell
Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors01:31

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
07:25

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

Published on: March 6, 2018

Targeting the androgen receptor.

Terence W Friedlander1, Charles J Ryan

  • 1Division of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. terence.friedlander@ucsf.edu

The Urologic Clinics of North America
|October 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prostate cancer relies on androgen receptor (AR) signaling. New therapies target persistent AR signaling and resistance mechanisms in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is crucial for prostate cancer growth and survival.
  • Medical castration and antiandrogen therapies reduce AR activity but often lead to castration resistance.
  • Understanding AR's evolution under hormonal therapy is key to overcoming resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms of persistent AR signaling in the castrate environment.
  • To highlight emerging and clinical-stage therapies for castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of molecular mechanisms of AR signaling in prostate cancer.
  • Analysis of current and investigational therapeutic strategies targeting AR.

Main Results:

  • Novel mechanisms of castration-resistant prostate cancer progression driven by AR have been identified.
  • New drug targets for AR signaling have emerged from structural and evolutionary studies.
  • Androgen synthesis inhibitors and direct AR inhibitors show promise.

Conclusions:

  • Persistent AR signaling is a key driver of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
  • Novel therapeutic agents targeting AR are advancing treatment options.
  • Further research into AR mechanisms will yield more effective therapies.