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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
Hematopoiesis01:21

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...

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Murine Bilateral Renal Lymphadenectomy
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Epigenetics, autoimmunity and hematologic malignancies: a comprehensive review.

Owen Ngalamika1, Yiqun Zhang, Heng Yin

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, #139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China.

Journal of Autoimmunity
|October 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic mechanisms are critical in the development of autoimmune diseases and lymphoma, particularly in children with congenital immunodeficiency. Dysregulation of T helper 17 (Th17) and T regulatory (Treg) cells significantly impacts immune homeostasis and disease risk.

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Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry
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Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry
12:36

Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry

Published on: June 26, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Epigenetics
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Congenital immunodeficiency is linked to increased risks of autoimmune diseases and lymphoma.
  • Stochastic processes and epigenetic mechanisms are implicated in the immunopathology of these conditions.
  • The spectrum between autoimmunity and lymphoma involves complex immune dysregulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between immunological dysfunction, loss of tolerance, and hematologic malignancies.
  • To highlight the role of epigenetic mechanisms in autoimmunity and lymphoma.
  • To examine the interplay between T helper 17 (Th17) and T regulatory (Treg) cell populations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on epigenetic mechanisms and immune cell populations.
  • Analysis of the impact of Th17 and Treg cell dysregulation on immune homeostasis.
  • Exploration of the link between primary immune deficiencies and lymphoma risk.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic alterations play a critical role in the continuum between autoimmunity and lymphoma.
  • Abnormalities in Th17 and Treg cell development disrupt immune homeostasis.
  • Genetic susceptibility can lead to autoimmunity and/or lymphoma due to immune dysregulation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding epigenetic factors influencing immune homeostasis is crucial.
  • Immune dysregulation in primary immune deficiencies increases lymphoma risk.
  • Further research into epigenetic mechanisms is essential for unraveling complex immune disorders.