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Related Concept Videos

Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate01:27

Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate

Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
The calcium concentration in blood plasma is primarily regulated...
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity01:09

GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity

Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of cells.
Two...
Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
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Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis
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Inorganic polyphosphates stimulate FGF23 expression through the FGFR pathway.

Ningyuan Sun1, Huawei Zou, Liang Yang

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|October 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Polyphosphate (polyP) enhances osteoblastic fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) expression via the FGFR pathway. This discovery supports polyP

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Assaying for Inorganic Polyphosphate in Bacteria
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Published on: January 21, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • Polyphosphate (polyP) is a polymer of phosphate residues with known roles in bone regeneration.
  • Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a hormone crucial for bone metabolism, primarily secreted by osteoblasts and osteocytes.
  • The precise mechanisms by which polyP influences bone cell function, particularly FGF23 production, require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of polyphosphate (polyP) on the expression of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in osteoblast-like cells.
  • To explore the involvement of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathway in polyP-mediated FGF23 regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of various polyphosphate (polyP) types.
  • Co-culture of polyP with osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells.
  • Analysis of FGF23 gene and protein expression using real-time PCR and Western blot.
  • Assessment of FGFR pathway activation (FGFR, FRS2, Erk1/2 phosphorylation) and inhibition studies using SU5402.

Main Results:

  • Polyphosphate (1 mM) significantly increased FGF23 expression in UMR-106 cells, peaking at 12-24 hours.
  • PolyP treatment activated the FGFR pathway, indicated by increased phosphorylation of FGFR, FRS2, and Erk1/2.
  • Inhibition of FGFR signaling with SU5402 markedly reduced the polyP-induced FGF23 expression.

Conclusions:

  • Polyphosphate stimulates osteoblastic FGF23 expression through the activation of the FGFR signaling pathway.
  • These findings elucidate a key mechanism for polyP's role in bone regeneration.
  • The results support the potential clinical application of polyP in therapies aimed at bone repair and regeneration.