Chemical toxins that cause seizures
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Updated: May 17, 2026

Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Kindling Mouse Model
Published on: June 12, 2018
1National Institutes of Health, NINDS, 6001 Executive Blvd. NSC, Room 2177, MSC 9527, Bethesda, MD 20892-9527, United States.
Abstract:
Seizurogenic chemicals include a variety of toxic agents, including chemical warfare agents, toxic industrial chemicals, and natural toxins. Chemical weapons such as sarin and VX, and pesticides such as parathion and carbaryl cause hyperstimulation of cholinergic receptors and an increase in excitatory neurotransmission. Glutamatergic hyperstimulation can occur after exposure to excitatory amino acid toxins such as the marine toxin domoic acid. Other pesticides such as lindane and strychnine do not affect excitatory neurotransmission directly, but rather, they block the inhibitory regulation of neurotransmission by antagonism of inhibitory GABA and glycine synapses. In this paper, chemicals that cause seizures by a variety of molecular mechanisms and pathways are discussed.
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