Hyperbaric medicine for the hospital-based physician

Area of Science:

• Hyperbaric medicine
• Oxygen therapy
• Wound healing

Background:

• Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy is defined as inhaling 100% oxygen at pressures exceeding 1.4 times atmospheric pressure.
• HBO2 is administered in single or multi-person chambers, typically at 2-2.4 atm abs for about 2 hours.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review disorders treated with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) relevant to hospital-based clinicians.
• To highlight the mechanisms and clinical applications of HBO2 therapy.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on hyperbaric oxygen therapy applications.
• Discussion of physiological effects and clinical evidence for various conditions.

Main Results:

• HBO2 increases blood and tissue oxygen levels, reduces bubble volume, and accelerates gas washout (e.g., CO, nitrogen).
• It modulates ischemia-reperfusion injury, enhances oxygen delivery for acute conditions, and exhibits antimicrobial effects.
• HBO2 stimulates angiogenesis and healing in ischemic wounds, with clinical evidence supporting its use in CO poisoning, diabetic wounds, crush injuries, and radiation necrosis.

Conclusions:

• Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a valuable treatment for a range of acute and chronic conditions, including ischemic wounds, infections, and gas-related emergencies.
• Hospital-based clinicians should be aware of HBO2's indications and benefits, particularly for wound care and acute injuries.