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Updated: May 17, 2026

Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride
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Published on: July 8, 2021

NORM situation in non-uranium mining in China.

H Liu1, Z Pan

  • 1Department of Nuclear Safety Management, Ministry of Environment Protection, China, 115 Nanxiaojie, Xizhimennei, Beijing 100035, China. liu.hua@bbn.cn

Annals of the ICRP
|October 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary

China

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Radiation Protection
  • Occupational Health

Background:

  • Naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) poses significant public and occupational exposure risks in China.
  • Human activities, particularly rare earth mining, contribute to increased natural radiation levels.
  • The Ministry of Environmental Protection oversees radiation protection regulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce China's first national census of pollution sources (2007) focusing on NORM.
  • To describe NORM sites in Baotou, Inner Mongolia, a major rare earth deposit.
  • To assess environmental concerns associated with NORM waste management and utilization.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a national census of pollution sources targeting NORM.

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  • Analyzed NORM concentrations in rare earth ores (ThO2: 0.01-0.05%, U3O8: 0.0005-0.002%).
  • Examined waste treatment processes for wastewater, waste gas, and blast furnace iron slag.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified significant NORM residues from rare earth processing in Baotou.
    • Described the treatment and discharge of NORM-contaminated wastewater and waste gas.
    • Noted the utilization of NORM-containing slag in construction materials and infrastructure.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective regulatory control of NORM is crucial for minimizing radiation doses.
    • Environmental radiation monitoring and assessment are essential due to NORM utilization.
    • Continued management of NORM is necessary to mitigate environmental and health risks.