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Updated: May 17, 2026

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor
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Tapered-fiber-based refractive index sensor at an air/solution interface.

Ping Lu1, Jeremie Harris, Xiaozhen Wang

  • 1Fiber Optics Group, Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. plu@uottawa.ca

Applied Optics
|October 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary
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This study presents a novel microfiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MFMZI) for precise refractive index sensing. The MFMZI effectively measures glycerol solution concentrations by detecting changes in light interference at an air-solution interface.

Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Optical Sensing
  • Interferometry

Background:

  • Refractive index sensing is crucial for chemical and biological analysis.
  • Microfiber Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MFMZIs) offer high sensitivity for sensing applications.
  • Interface sensing presents unique challenges due to mode coupling effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and demonstrate a tapered-fiber-based MFMZI for refractive index sensing at an air/aqueous solution interface.
  • To investigate the reduced spectral interference visibility at the interface and its relation to sensing performance.
  • To utilize the MFMZI as an evanescent wave sensor for measuring glycerol solution concentrations.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a tapered-fiber-based MFMZI.

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  • Experimental setup for interface refractive index sensing.
  • Monitoring average power attenuation of the tapered fiber to determine glycerol concentrations.

    • Main Results:

    • Significantly reduced spectral interference visibility at the air/solution interface was observed.
    • This reduction is attributed to weak coupling between fundamental and high-order asymmetric cladding modes.
    • The MFMZI successfully measured glycerol solution concentrations via power attenuation.

    Conclusions:

    • The tapered-fiber MFMZI is a viable platform for refractive index sensing at interfaces.
    • Evanescent wave sensing using MFMZI provides a sensitive method for concentration measurements.
    • The observed mode coupling phenomenon is key to the sensor's high sensitivity to refractive index changes.