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Related Concept Videos

Non-nuclear Inheritance01:29

Non-nuclear Inheritance

Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm⁠—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria⁠—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
Non-nuclear Inheritance01:29

Non-nuclear Inheritance

Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm⁠—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria⁠—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
Pedigree Analysis01:35

Pedigree Analysis

Overview
Pedigree Analysis01:35

Pedigree Analysis

Overview
Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Guide Wire Assisted Catheterization and Colored Dye Injection for Vascular Mapping of Monochorionic Twin Placentas
09:04

Guide Wire Assisted Catheterization and Colored Dye Injection for Vascular Mapping of Monochorionic Twin Placentas

Published on: September 5, 2011

Colorado Twin Registry: an update.

Sally-Ann Rhea1, Andy A Gross, Brett C Haberstick

  • 1Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.

Twin Research and Human Genetics : the Official Journal of the International Society for Twin Studies
|October 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The Colorado Twin Registry (CTR) collects data from twins for behavioral genetics research. This valuable, evolving registry supports studies on cognition, learning, and substance abuse vulnerability.

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Cell Lineage Analyses and Gene Function Studies Using Twin-spot MARCM
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Cell Lineage Analyses and Gene Function Studies Using Twin-spot MARCM

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Genetics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Population Health

Background:

  • The Colorado Twin Registry (CTR) was established in 1982 at the Institute for Behavioral Genetics.
  • It is a population-based registry comprising twins born from 1968 to the present.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the structure and function of the Colorado Twin Registry.
  • To outline the recruitment strategies, enrollment criteria, and zygosity assignment for its various samples.
  • To highlight ongoing research utilizing the CTR.

Main Methods:

  • The CTR utilizes four distinct samples: Community Twin Sample, Longitudinal Twin Sample, Early Reading Development Sample, and Colorado Learning Sample.
  • Detailed criteria for enrollment, recruitment, demographics, and zygosity determination are established for each sample.
  • Twins from the CTR participate in various research studies.

Main Results:

  • The CTR has developed into an evolving and valuable resource.
  • The registry is relatively representative of the population from which it was drawn.
  • CTR twins are actively involved in studies investigating cognition, learning abilities, and susceptibility to substance abuse and antisocial behaviors.

Conclusions:

  • The Colorado Twin Registry serves as a crucial resource for behavioral genetics research.
  • Its diverse samples and ongoing studies provide valuable insights into complex traits and behaviors.
  • The registry's representativeness enhances the generalizability of findings from twin studies.