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Related Concept Videos

Labeling DNA Probes03:31

Labeling DNA Probes

DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...
In-situ Hybridization02:31

In-situ Hybridization

In situ hybridization (ISH) is a technique used to detect and localize specific DNA or RNA molecules in cells, tissue, or tissue sections using a labeled probe. The technique was first used in 1969 for the investigation of nucleic acids. It is currently an essential tool in scientific research and clinical settings, especially for diagnostic purposes.
Types of probes and labels
A probe is a complementary strand of DNA or RNA that binds to corresponding nucleotide sequences in a cell. Many...
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation- ChIP02:36

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation- ChIP

Chromatin immunoprecipitation, or ChIP, is an antibody-based technique used to identify sites on DNA that bind to transcription factors of interest or histone proteins. It also helps determine the type of histone modifications such as acetylation, phosphorylation, or methylation.
Types of ChIP
ChIP can be divided into two types - X-ChIP and N-ChIP. X-ChIP involves in vivo cross-linking of histones and regulatory proteins to DNA, fragmenting the DNA by sonication, and isolating the protein-DNA...
DNA Microarrays02:34

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Genetically-encoded Molecular Probes to Study G Protein-coupled Receptors
16:16

Genetically-encoded Molecular Probes to Study G Protein-coupled Receptors

Published on: September 13, 2013

Epigenetic chemical probes.

S Müller1, P J Brown

  • 1Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
|October 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic gene expression is controlled by DNA methylation and histone modifications. Over 400 epigenetic targets have been identified in the last decade, influencing gene expression changes.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Gene expression is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms.
  • Key epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation and histone modification.
  • These modifications alter gene expression without changing the underlying DNA sequence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advancements in understanding epigenetic control of gene expression.
  • To highlight the discovery of numerous epigenetic targets.
  • To discuss the role of DNA methylation and histone modification in gene expression regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epigenetic research over the past 10 years.
  • Identification and categorization of epigenetic targets.
  • Analysis of the mechanisms linking epigenetic modifications to gene expression changes.

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In Vitro Chemical Mapping of G-Quadruplex DNA Structures by Bis-3-Chloropiperidines
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In Vitro Chemical Mapping of G-Quadruplex DNA Structures by Bis-3-Chloropiperidines

Published on: May 12, 2023

Sequence-specific Labeling of Nucleic Acids and Proteins with Methyltransferases and Cofactor Analogues
12:07

Sequence-specific Labeling of Nucleic Acids and Proteins with Methyltransferases and Cofactor Analogues

Published on: November 22, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Genetically-encoded Molecular Probes to Study G Protein-coupled Receptors
16:16

Genetically-encoded Molecular Probes to Study G Protein-coupled Receptors

Published on: September 13, 2013

In Vitro Chemical Mapping of G-Quadruplex DNA Structures by Bis-3-Chloropiperidines
05:32

In Vitro Chemical Mapping of G-Quadruplex DNA Structures by Bis-3-Chloropiperidines

Published on: May 12, 2023

Sequence-specific Labeling of Nucleic Acids and Proteins with Methyltransferases and Cofactor Analogues
12:07

Sequence-specific Labeling of Nucleic Acids and Proteins with Methyltransferases and Cofactor Analogues

Published on: November 22, 2014

Main Results:

  • Significant acceleration in the discovery of epigenetic targets over the last decade.
  • Identification of over 400 domains involved in epigenetic regulation.
  • Elucidation of the roles of DNA methylation and histone modification in gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms, particularly DNA methylation and histone modification, are crucial for gene expression control.
  • The field has made substantial progress in identifying epigenetic targets.
  • Further research continues to uncover the complex interplay between epigenetics and gene expression.