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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
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Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
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Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches01:23

Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches

Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...
Transcription Initiation01:47

Transcription Initiation

Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
The promoters and enhancers and their accessory proteins allow tight regulation of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on (TRO) Approach
12:12

Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on (TRO) Approach

Published on: March 12, 2017

RNA polymerase III mutants in TFIIFα-like C37 that cause terminator readthrough with no decrease in transcription

Keshab Rijal1, Richard J Maraia

  • 1Intramural Research Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Nucleic Acids Research
|October 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA polymerase III (Pol III) termination involves subunits Rpc53 and Rpc37 (C53/37), crucial for efficient termination and recycling. Mutagenesis revealed C37 mutants disrupt termination but surprisingly do not reduce transcription output.

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on (TRO) Approach
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Published on: March 12, 2017

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High-throughput Purification of Affinity-tagged Recombinant Proteins
07:44

High-throughput Purification of Affinity-tagged Recombinant Proteins

Published on: August 26, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The precise mechanisms by which eukaryotic RNA polymerases transition from transcriptional elongation to termination remain largely unelucidated.
  • RNA polymerase III (Pol III) plays a critical role in transcribing essential non-coding RNAs, including transfer RNAs (tRNAs).
  • Pol III subunits Rpc53 and Rpc37 (C53/37) form a heterodimer structurally similar to TFIIFβ/α and are implicated in termination and recycling processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the Rpc53/Rpc37 heterodimer in Pol III transcription termination.
  • To identify specific domains within C53 and C37 that are critical for termination fidelity.
  • To assess the in vivo consequences of impaired Pol III termination on overall transcription output.

Main Methods:

  • Development of Schizosaccharomyces pombe strains for reporting Pol III termination activities: RNA oligo(U) 3'-end cleavage and terminator readthrough.
  • Random mutagenesis of C53 and C37 subunits.
  • Phenotypic analysis of mutants, including quantification of terminator readthrough and 3'-oligo(U) tract length.
  • In vivo assessment of transcription output using nascent transcript levels and (14)C-uridine incorporation.

Main Results:

  • Random mutagenesis yielded numerous C37 mutants exhibiting terminator readthrough, while comparable C53 mutants were not identified.
  • A majority of C37 mutants displayed strong phenotypes with up to 40% readthrough, mapping to a C-terminal region near the Pol III active center.
  • A minority class of C37 mutants showed weaker readthrough phenotypes and altered 3'-oligo(U) lengthening, suggesting a role in RNA 3'-end cleavage during termination.
  • Surprisingly, multiple termination-deficient mutants did not exhibit decreased overall transcription output in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • The C-terminal region of Rpc37 is critical for efficient Pol III termination.
  • Pol III termination efficiency, as measured by readthrough and cleavage, can be uncoupled from overall transcription output in vivo.
  • These findings provide new insights into the complex regulation of Pol III transcription termination and its impact on gene expression.