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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview01:27

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a technique used to analyze elements by measuring electromagnetic radiation (EMR) absorbed by atoms, which causes them to transition to a higher-energy orbit. The most crucial step in AAS is atomization, where the analyte is converted into gas-phase atoms, typically through a flame or furnace. Some of these atoms become thermally excited in the flame, while most remain in the ground state.
When irradiated by EMR of a particular wavelength, these...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab01:21

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
 Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing nebulizer...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the aerosol...

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Updated: May 17, 2026

Biological Samples Preparation for Speciation at Cryogenic Temperature using High-Resolution X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
06:00

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Published on: May 27, 2022

Towards data format standardization for X-ray absorption spectroscopy.

B Ravel1, J R Hester, V A Solé

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA. bravel@bnl.gov

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation
|October 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new working group proposes data format standards for X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to improve data sharing. Concepts include formats for single spectra, multispectral experiments, and XAS data libraries.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Physics

Background:

  • Standardization of data formats is crucial for scientific reproducibility and collaboration.
  • The X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) community currently lacks unified data storage standards.
  • Existing data formats may not adequately support the complexity of modern XAS experiments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose standardized data formats for X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data.
  • To address the needs of the global XAS community for efficient data storage and retrieval.
  • To facilitate data sharing and analysis across different XAS facilities and research groups.

Main Methods:

  • Formation of a working group comprising beamline scientists and XAS practitioners.
  • Review of current data storage practices and identified needs within the XAS community.
  • Development of conceptual frameworks for three distinct data storage solutions.

Main Results:

  • Proposal of a single spectrum interchange format for universal compatibility.
  • Introduction of a hierarchical format designed for complex, multispectral X-ray experiments.
  • Conceptualization of a relational database format for comprehensive XAS data libraries.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized data formats are essential for advancing XAS research.
  • The proposed formats aim to enhance data accessibility, interoperability, and long-term archiving.
  • Implementation of these standards will benefit the worldwide XAS community by streamlining data management.