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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

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Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography
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Capturing dynamics with Eiger, a fast-framing X-ray detector.

I Johnson1, A Bergamaschi, J Buitenhuis

  • 1Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland. ian.johnson@psi.ch

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation
|October 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The new Eiger detector enables faster X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements. This advancement allows for the study of nano-colloid dynamics on submillisecond timescales.

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Published on: February 21, 2017

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • The Pilatus detector is a widely used single-photon-counting pixel detector.
  • Advancements in detector technology are crucial for pushing the boundaries of synchrotron-based experiments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the suitability of the next-generation Eiger detector for X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS).
  • To demonstrate the capability of collecting complementary small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and XPCS data in parallel.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the Eiger detector's high frame rate (up to 22 kHz) and small pixel size (75 µm × 75 µm).
  • Performing parallel SAXS and XPCS measurements on a nano-colloid suspension.
  • Achieving practically zero dead-time (~4 µs) between exposures.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated Eiger's suitability for XPCS measurements.
  • Successfully collected parallel SAXS and XPCS data.
  • Determined the structure factor and collective diffusion coefficient of a nano-colloid suspension.
  • Achieved correlation times on the submillisecond time scale, a first for large-area pixel detectors.

Conclusions:

  • The Eiger detector significantly enhances capabilities for XPCS and SAXS experiments at synchrotron sources.
  • Submillisecond timescale dynamics of nano-colloids can now be investigated with large-area pixel detectors.
  • This technology opens new avenues for studying dynamic processes in various materials.