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Related Concept Videos

Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
Oogenesis01:22

Oogenesis

Oogenesis,  the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of pre-granulosa cells, forming what is known...
Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Establishment of an Experimental Mouse Model of Endometrioma to Study its Related Infertility
08:07

Establishment of an Experimental Mouse Model of Endometrioma to Study its Related Infertility

Published on: April 5, 2024

Endometriosis in adolescence.

Margherita Dessole1, Gian Benedetto Melis, Stefano Angioni

  • 1Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.

Obstetrics and Gynecology International
|October 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Endometriosis, a condition causing pelvic pain and infertility, often begins in adolescence. New serological markers offer promising diagnostic alternatives to traditional methods like laparoscopy.

Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Surgical Pathology

Background:

  • Endometriosis is a prevalent condition characterized by pelvic pain and infertility.
  • Symptoms frequently manifest during adolescence and persist into adulthood.
  • Current diagnostic methods often involve invasive procedures like laparoscopy and biopsy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of emerging technologies for endometriosis diagnosis.
  • To highlight the significance of serological markers as a novel diagnostic approach.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current diagnostic standards for endometriosis.
  • Investigation into the development and application of serological markers.

Main Results:

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A Syngeneic Murine Model of Endometriosis using Naturally Cycling Mice
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A Syngeneic Murine Model of Endometriosis using Naturally Cycling Mice

Published on: November 24, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Establishment of an Experimental Mouse Model of Endometrioma to Study its Related Infertility
08:07

Establishment of an Experimental Mouse Model of Endometrioma to Study its Related Infertility

Published on: April 5, 2024

A Syngeneic Murine Model of Endometriosis using Naturally Cycling Mice
07:12

A Syngeneic Murine Model of Endometriosis using Naturally Cycling Mice

Published on: November 24, 2020

  • Adolescent endometriosis symptoms mirror adult presentations.
  • Established treatments include oral contraceptives and NSAIDs.
  • Laparoscopy and biopsy are standard but invasive diagnostic procedures.

Conclusions:

  • Emerging technologies, particularly serological markers, present promising non-invasive diagnostic options for endometriosis.
  • Further research into serological markers could revolutionize early diagnosis and management.