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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living donor...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Surgical Model for Single-Staged Tissue-Engineered Urothelial Tubes in Minipigs
04:05

Surgical Model for Single-Staged Tissue-Engineered Urothelial Tubes in Minipigs

Published on: July 5, 2024

Urinary diversion--approaches and consequences.

Raimund Stein1, Markus Hohenfellner, Sascha Pahernik

  • 1Clinic and Polyclinic for Urology, University Hospital Mainz, Germany.

Deutsches Arzteblatt International
|October 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radical cystectomy for bladder cancer requires urinary diversion. Options range from continence-preserving orthotopic replacements to palliative cutaneous diversions, each with specific indications and potential complications.

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A Murine Model of Irreversible and Reversible Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction
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Published on: December 20, 2014

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Surgical Model for Single-Staged Tissue-Engineered Urothelial Tubes in Minipigs
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Published on: July 5, 2024

A Murine Model of Irreversible and Reversible Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction
14:05

A Murine Model of Irreversible and Reversible Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction

Published on: December 20, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Bladder cancer affects over 70,000 patients annually in the US.
  • Radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer necessitates urinary diversion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current urinary diversion options post-cystectomy.
  • To outline indications for each diversion type based on literature and clinical experience.

Main Methods:

  • Selective literature search of PubMed.
  • Incorporation of clinical expertise.

Main Results:

  • Continence-preserving orthotopic urinary bladder replacement is preferred for curative intent.
  • Heterotopic urinary bladder replacement involves fashioning a reservoir from bowel segments.
  • Palliative cutaneous urinary diversion is used when continence is not preserved, with risks of metabolic acidosis and malabsorption.

Conclusions:

  • Four main urinary diversion options exist for curative or palliative cystectomy.
  • Purely palliative interventions are also available.
  • Potential complications include metabolic acidosis, bone density loss, malabsorption, and secondary malignancy risk.