Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a bonus...
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility01:34

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...
Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
Rationalizing Substitutions01:29

Rationalizing Substitutions

Integrals involving non-rational functions are often difficult to evaluate using standard techniques, especially when radicals appear in the integrand. Rationalizing substitution provides a systematic method for simplifying such integrals by converting them into rational forms that are easier to handle.Consider a rod whose linear mass density depends on a constant linear density, a characteristic length, and the distance from the left end of the rod. Determining the total mass requires...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Foil type modulates developmental changes in statistical learning across childhood to adulthood.

NPJ science of learning·2026
Same author

Experience of Responding to Imaginative Suggestions: A Micro-Phenomenological Interview Exploratory Study.

The International journal of clinical and experimental hypnosis·2026
Same author

Form information modulates the temporal dynamics of walking direction and body orientation processing in biological motion perception.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2025
Same author

Studying unconscious processing: Contention and consensus.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2025
Same author

A corpus and a modular infrastructure for the empirical study of (an)notated music.

Scientific data·2025
Same author

Distinguishing the roles of edge, color, and other surface information in basic and superordinate scene representation.

NeuroImage·2025
Same journal

Analysis of strength degradation of coal and rock masses and stability of mined areas under long term immersion environment.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Biogenic Silver-Selenium nanocomposite with anticancer activity and potent efficacy against vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Preparation and physicochemical characterization of a biodegradable chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel synthesized in NaOH/urea medium.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Action-guilt, survivor-guilt, and depression in combat-related PTSD.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Explainable machine learning for predicting activities of daily living at discharge in stroke patients: A retrospective study using SHAP interpretability.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Deep learning based two-way feature depiction model for brain tumor detection.

PloS one·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning
05:33

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning

Published on: January 29, 2020

Implicit learning of recursive context-free grammars.

Martin Rohrmeier1, Qiufang Fu, Zoltan Dienes

  • 1Cluster Languages of Emotion, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany. mrohrmeier@cantab.net

Plos One
|October 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People can implicitly learn complex context-free grammars, including hierarchical and long-distance dependencies, demonstrating unconscious knowledge acquisition beyond simple word relations. This supports artificial grammar learning for understanding language acquisition mechanisms.

More Related Videos

Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism
06:15

Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism

Published on: October 3, 2018

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
12:49

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

Published on: July 13, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning
05:33

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning

Published on: January 29, 2020

Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism
06:15

Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism

Published on: October 3, 2018

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
12:49

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

Published on: July 13, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Linguistics
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Context-free grammars are crucial for linguistic syntax.
  • Previous artificial grammar learning studies often focused on simpler finite-state grammars.
  • Limited research has explored implicit learning of context-free grammars and awareness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the implicit learning of complex context-free grammars.
  • To examine the role of hierarchical organization, recursion, and long-distance dependencies.
  • To assess the impact of structural distinctions like branching and embedding on learning.

Main Methods:

  • Participants were exposed to artificial grammars with features mirroring natural language structures.
  • The study assessed unconscious knowledge of grammatical class relations and dependencies.
  • Performance differences were analyzed based on structural variations (e.g., center- vs. tail-embedding).

Main Results:

  • Participants acquired unconscious knowledge of grammatical class relations, even for long-distance dependencies.
  • Learning extended beyond simple n-gram associations between words.
  • Performance was better for tail-embedding than center-embedding structures.

Conclusions:

  • Implicit learning of complex context-free structures, modeling natural language features, is plausible.
  • Artificial grammar learning is relevant for studying language acquisition mechanisms.
  • Findings challenge existing theories and computational models of implicit learning.