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Related Concept Videos

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature01:16

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature

The vertebral column or spine is a flexible column that supports the head, neck, and body and  allows for their movements. It also protects the spinal cord.
Regions of the Vertebral Column
In an adult, the spine is subdivided into five regions: the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar, the sacral, and the coccygeal region. The spine initially develops as a series of 33 vertebrae; after 20 years of age, the nine bones in the sacral region, five sacral, and four coccygeal bones fuse to form the...
General Structure of a Vertebra01:30

General Structure of a Vertebra

A typical vertebra, with the exception of the sacrum and coccyx, consists of a body, a vertebral arch, and seven different projections termed processes. The anterior portion of the vertebrae, the body, supports about half the body’s weight. The vertebral bodies progressively increase in size and thickness from the cervical region to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. The intervertebral discs present between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae firmly unites them, forming a continuous column.
Articulations of the Vertebral Column01:28

Articulations of the Vertebral Column

In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...
Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy01:15

Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy

The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Precision Measurements and Parametric Models of Vertebral Endplates
10:35

Precision Measurements and Parametric Models of Vertebral Endplates

Published on: September 17, 2019

The cervical vertebrae maturation stage method.

Bulmario Gonzalez

    International Journal of Orthodontics (Milwaukee, Wis.)
    |October 26, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Accurate skeletal maturity assessment is crucial for effective orthodontic treatment. The Cervical Vertebrae Maturation Stage (CVMS) method offers a predictable way to determine skeletal age, optimizing treatment timing.

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    A Novel Vertebral Stabilization Method for Producing Contusive Spinal Cord Injury

    Published on: January 5, 2015

    Area of Science:

    • Orthodontics
    • Pediatric Dentistry
    • Craniofacial Development

    Background:

    • Effective orthodontic treatment relies on precise skeletal growth assessment.
    • Many clinicians lack adequate knowledge for timely and effective treatment implementation.
    • Current methods like age, dental development, and height are less reliable indicators of skeletal maturity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the Cervical Vertebrae Maturation Stage (CVMS) method for assessing skeletal maturity.
    • To guide clinicians in utilizing CVMS for optimal timing of orthopedic interventions.
    • To improve the efficacy of maxillo-mandibular orthopedic treatments through accurate growth staging.

    Main Methods:

    • Focuses on the Cervical Vertebrae Maturation Stage (CVMS) method.
    • Utilizes cephalometric analysis of cervical vertebrae.
    • Correlates cervical vertebral morphology with skeletal development stages.

    Main Results:

    • The CVMS method provides a predictable and reliable means to establish skeletal maturity.
    • Accurate skeletal staging facilitates the effective implementation of orthopedic treatments.
    • Optimized treatment timing based on CVMS can enhance therapeutic outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • The CVMS method is a valuable tool for orthodontists to determine skeletal maturity.
    • Implementing CVMS can lead to more timely and effective maxillo-mandibular orthopedic treatments.
    • Enhanced understanding and application of CVMS are essential for improving patient care in orthodontics.