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Related Concept Videos

Self-Schemas02:16

Self-Schemas

In general, a schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is called the fundamental attribution...
Correspondence Bias01:17

Correspondence Bias

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Understanding Self-Concept01:20

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Actor-Observer Effect

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Related Experiment Video

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The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

Individual differences in the encoding processes of egocentric and allocentric survey knowledge.

Wen Wen1, Toru Ishikawa, Takao Sato

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Tokyo Center for Spatial Information Science, University of Tokyo, Japan. wen@1.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Cognitive Science
|October 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with a good sense of direction (SOD) utilize verbal, visual, and spatial working memory for spatial knowledge acquisition. Poor SOD individuals struggle with spatial processing, hindering accurate map learning.

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The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
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Published on: February 19, 2018

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The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Spatial Navigation

Background:

  • Understanding individual differences in spatial navigation is crucial for cognitive science.
  • Working memory components are hypothesized to play a role in forming spatial representations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of working memory components in acquiring egocentric and allocentric spatial knowledge.
  • To differentiate the cognitive processes underlying spatial knowledge acquisition in individuals with good versus poor sense of direction (SOD).

Main Methods:

  • A dual-task paradigm was used to assess working memory involvement during route learning from videos.
  • Verbal, visual, and spatial interference tasks were employed to probe specific working memory components.
  • Participants with varying SOD were tested under different interference conditions.

Main Results:

  • Good SOD individuals effectively utilized verbal and spatial working memory for egocentric knowledge and all three components (verbal, visual, spatial) for allocentric knowledge.
  • Distance and direction information were differentially processed across working memory components.
  • Poor SOD individuals demonstrated reliance on verbal working memory but lacked crucial spatial processing, leading to deficient spatial knowledge acquisition.

Conclusions:

  • Working memory's distinct components differentially support the acquisition of egocentric and allocentric spatial knowledge.
  • Individual differences in sense of direction are linked to specific deficits in spatial working memory utilization.
  • A model explaining individual variations in spatial knowledge acquisition based on working memory function is proposed.