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Related Concept Videos

In Vitro Fertilization01:24

In Vitro Fertilization

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial...
Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
Meiosis II01:57

Meiosis II

Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each containing...
Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...

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Updated: May 17, 2026

Monitoring Blood Glucose in Mouse Offspring After Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
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Perinatal risks after IVF and ICSI.

Ursula Zollner1, Johannes Dietl

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 4, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany. zollner_u@klinik.uni-wuerzburg.de

Journal of Perinatal Medicine
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infertility treatments like in vitro fertilization (IVF) lead to high-risk pregnancies. Reducing multiple births is key to improving outcomes for mothers and babies.

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Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives
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The Immediate Partial Removal of Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes: A Refined Approach for Rapid Observation of In Vitro Fertilization
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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • High-Risk Obstetrics

Background:

  • Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) result in pregnancies with elevated risks.
  • Conditions like hypertension, preeclampsia, and bleeding are more common compared to spontaneous pregnancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the risks associated with pregnancies following infertility treatments.
  • To identify factors contributing to adverse outcomes in ART pregnancies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of outcomes in pregnancies conceived via infertility treatments.
  • Comparison with spontaneously conceived pregnancies.
  • Analysis of maternal risk factors and multiple gestation rates.

Main Results:

  • ART pregnancies show higher rates of preeclampsia, growth retardation, bleeding, premature birth, and intrauterine death.
  • Higher rates of induced labor and cesarean sections are observed in in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies.
  • Multiple pregnancies, often resulting from ART, significantly increase risks of prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction.

Conclusions:

  • Complications in ART pregnancies are primarily linked to maternal risk factors and high rates of multiple births, not the techniques themselves.
  • Reducing multiple pregnancies is crucial for improving outcomes.
  • Congenital defect rates are more associated with parental risk profiles than IVF/ICSI techniques.