Complications of acellular dermal matrices in breast surgery

Acellular dermal matrices have been used in breast surgery for a decade. They are widely used in implant-based breast reconstruction to provide coverage of the inferolateral aspects of the prosthesis. Numerous benefits have been reported with this approach including improved fold control, better support and control of the implant pocket with concomitant reduced risk of malposition, and improved lower pole expansion. Seroma, infection, mastectomy skin necrosis, and expander/implant loss are the most commonly reported complications with this approach, and the incidences vary widely among studies. Patient selection and adherence to established intraoperative technique principles related to acellular dermal matrix use are both critical to minimizing the risk of complications. Acellular dermal matrices are also being used in aesthetic breast surgery, revision breast surgery, and nipple reconstruction, but clinical experience is limited. This article reviews the complications associated with the use of matrices in breast surgery from the published literature.