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Antiphospholipid-related chorea.

Silvio Peluso1, Antonella Antenora, Anna De Rosa

  • 1Department of Neurological Sciences, Federico II University Naples, Italy.

Frontiers in Neurology
|October 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) can cause chorea, a movement disorder, particularly in children and females. Early diagnosis and treatment with antiplatelet or anticoagulant medication are crucial for managing aPL-related chorea and preventing thrombosis.

Keywords:
APSHughes’ syndromeanti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodiesanticardiolipin antibodiesantiphospholipid antibody syndromeantiphospholipid syndromechorealupus anticoagulant

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Chorea is a movement disorder often linked to immunologic conditions.
  • Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are frequently associated with chorea, especially in children and females.
  • aPL-related chorea can manifest as isolated plasmatic aPL or within antiphospholipid syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the clinical features and potential mechanisms of aPL-related chorea.
  • To highlight diagnostic indicators and management strategies for this condition.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on chorea and antiphospholipid antibodies.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations, diagnostic findings, and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • aPL-related chorea typically presents subacutely with a monophasic course, affecting children and females most often.
  • High plasmatic aPL titers suggest the diagnosis, with β2-glycoprotein I identified as a key target.
  • Neuroimaging offers limited diagnostic value; a hypothesized neurotoxic effect of aPL on basal ganglia function is proposed.

Conclusions:

  • aPL-related chorea is a distinct clinical entity associated with increased thrombotic risk.
  • Prompt diagnosis and initiation of antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy are essential for patient management.