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Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...

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Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: August 14, 2019

Mild brain injury

Brian D Greenwald¹, Anne Felicia Ambrose, Gina P Armstrong

¹Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.

Rehabilitation Research and Practice

|October 26, 2012

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

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