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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Transporters01:31

Membrane Transporters

Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
Transporters are mainly composed of alpha-helices, built from bundles of ten or more helices traversing the plasma membrane. The solute-binding sites are located midway, where some of the helices are broken or distorted, making space for the binding site through...
The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
Overview of Protein Sorting and Transport01:45

Overview of Protein Sorting and Transport

Eukaryotic cells have different membrane-bound organelles with distinct protein requirements. The process by which proteins are targeted to a specific organelle is called protein sorting.
Protein sorting can be of two types: signal-based sorting and vesicle-based trafficking. In signal-based sorting, specific amino acid sequences called sorting signals target proteins to the proper location inside the cell either via gated transport or by protein translocation.  In gated transport, folded...
Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
Transcellular Transport of Solutes01:23

Transcellular Transport of Solutes

Transcellular transport of solutes is the movement of substances like monosaccharides and amino acids through polarized cells. This transport mechanism is primarily seen in epithelial and endothelial cells aided by membrane transport proteins such as channels and transporters. The tight junctions between these cells confine the membrane proteins to the two sides of the cell. The epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains. In contrast, the endothelial cells show the luminal...
Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Demonstration of Membrane Transport of Histidine using Goat Intestinal Inverted Sacs: An Experiential Pedagogical Tool for Undergraduates
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Demonstration of Membrane Transport of Histidine using Goat Intestinal Inverted Sacs: An Experiential Pedagogical Tool for Undergraduates

Published on: October 4, 2024

Human Organic Solute Transporter (hOST): protein interaction and membrane sorting process.

An-Qiang Sun1, Libin Zhu, Yuhuan Luo

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine Aurora, CO 80045.

International Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
|October 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The amino-terminal 35 amino acids of the human organic solute transporter beta (hOSTβ) subunit are crucial for its interaction with the alpha subunit and proper localization to the cell membrane, ensuring bile acid and steroid transport.

Keywords:
Human OSTmembrane traffickingorganic anion transporterprotein interaction

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High-Throughput Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carriers for Structural and Biochemical Studies

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

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Published on: October 4, 2024

Detection of Detergent-sensitive Interactions Between Membrane Proteins
10:09

Detection of Detergent-sensitive Interactions Between Membrane Proteins

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High-Throughput Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carriers for Structural and Biochemical Studies
07:10

High-Throughput Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carriers for Structural and Biochemical Studies

Published on: September 29, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Cell biology
  • Membrane transport

Background:

  • The human organic solute transporter (hOST) is a heterodimer of alpha (hOSTα) and beta (hOSTβ) subunits.
  • hOSTα/β association is vital for its basolateral membrane localization and function in exporting bile acids and steroids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of hOSTβ's carboxyl- and amino-tails in hOST membrane localization and function.
  • To determine the impact of tail deletions and biological reagents on hOST membrane distribution and transport activity.

Main Methods:

  • Stable transfection of MDCK cells with wild-type and truncated hOST subunits.
  • Co-immunoprecipitation assays to assess subunit interactions.
  • Treatment with biological reagents (cytochalasin D, bafilomycin A1, brefeldin A, calphostin C) to probe cellular pathways.

Main Results:

  • Deletion of the hOSTβ amino-terminal 35 amino acids abolished transport activity and polarized membrane distribution.
  • The hOSTβ amino-tail is essential for hOSTα association.
  • Disruption of actin filaments, vacuolar H(+)-ATPase, Golgi complex, or protein kinase C significantly impaired hOST localization and function.

Conclusions:

  • The 35 amino acid amino-terminal fragment of hOSTβ contains critical information for hOSTα interaction and plasma membrane trafficking.
  • hOST membrane sorting involves a bafilomycin A1-sensitive pathway linked to the actin cytoskeleton.
  • Brefeldin A-sensitive mechanisms regulating ER-to-Golgi transit and PKC signaling also influence hOST membrane localization.