Using animal thyroids as ultra-sensitive biomonitors for environmental radioiodine

In the course of the Fukushima nuclear accident large amounts of radionuclides relevant to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban-Treaty (CTBT) were released and detected globally. We could show that the intake of environmental (131)I into the thyroids of animals can be used for verification of the CTBT. Due to continuous accumulation of (131)I, its apparent half-life in the thyroid biomonitor exceeds the physical one, thus making (131)I detectable three weeks longer than using conventional CTBT-grade high volume air samplers. The maximum (131)I activity concentrations (in Bq/kg) found in Austrian animal thyroids after the Fukushima nuclear accident could be correlated with the maximum activity concentrations found in air (Bq/m(3)) in Austria via a factor of 1.1 × 10(6). In fall 2011, a second (much smaller) release of (131)I occurred from a laboratory in Hungary, where this factor was 1.9 × 10(6). Hence thyroid biomonitors offer even some quantitative information, which allows the estimation of the (131)I activity concentrations in air. It could be shown that thyroid biomonitors can work under dry conditions, which potentially makes them the method of choice for CTBTO on-site inspections even in arid environments.