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Related Concept Videos

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
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Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
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A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
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Published on: September 15, 2017

Cushing syndrome in pediatrics.

Constantine A Stratakis1

  • 1Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1862, USA. stratakc@mail.nih.gov

Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
|October 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Cushing syndrome in children, often caused by glucocorticoids, requires proper diagnosis and treatment. Understanding its causes, genetics, and care barriers is crucial for a complete cure.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Genetics
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Cushing syndrome presents with characteristic symptoms like obesity, growth deceleration, skin changes, muscle weakness, and hypertension.
  • In pediatric cases, exogenous glucocorticoid administration is a common cause.
  • Endogenous forms and inherited genetic factors also contribute to pediatric Cushing syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes of endogenous Cushing syndrome in children.
  • To discuss current treatment strategies for pediatric Cushing syndrome.
  • To explore the clinical and molecular genetics of inherited forms of the syndrome.
  • To identify barriers to optimal care for affected children.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of causes and treatments for endogenous Cushing syndrome.
  • Discussion of clinical and molecular genetics of inherited Cushing syndrome.
  • Analysis of factors impacting pediatric patient care.

Main Results:

  • Cushing syndrome requires timely diagnosis and appropriate management to prevent chronicity.
  • Exogenous glucocorticoids are a frequent cause in children.
  • Endogenous forms and genetic predispositions are significant considerations.
  • Barriers to optimal care exist and need addressing.

Conclusions:

  • Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential for curing pediatric Cushing syndrome.
  • Understanding the diverse causes, including genetic factors, is key.
  • Addressing care barriers is vital for improving outcomes in pediatric patients.