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Related Concept Videos

Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
Evolution of Microbial Genome01:08

Evolution of Microbial Genome

Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Mass Spectrometry-Guided Genome Mining as a Tool to Uncover Novel Natural Products
11:13

Mass Spectrometry-Guided Genome Mining as a Tool to Uncover Novel Natural Products

Published on: March 12, 2020

Metagenomics: Future of microbial gene mining.

J Vakhlu1, Avneet Kour Sudan, B N Johri

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180 006 India.

Indian Journal of Microbiology
|October 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Metagenomics offers a powerful approach to discover novel genes from complex microbial communities for biotechnology. This review compares metagenomic gene discovery with traditional cloning methods, highlighting its potential and current limitations.

Keywords:
MetagenomicsMicrobesNovel genesUncultivable

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

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08:43

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08:03

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Published on: December 7, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and Molecular Biology
  • Genomics and Bioinformatics
  • Microbial Ecology

Background:

  • Biotechnology increasingly requires novel genes for industrial applications and genetically modified organisms.
  • Traditional gene isolation methods face challenges in keeping pace with this demand.
  • Metagenomics emerges as a key strategy to access genetic diversity from unculturable microbes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare metagenomic approaches with conventional cloning techniques for novel gene discovery.
  • To review methods for isolating specific genes from complex environmental DNA.
  • To discuss the achievements, limitations, and future potential of metagenomics in gene harvesting.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of metagenomic and routine cloning techniques.
  • Description of various methods for targeted gene retrieval from metagenomes.
  • Review of existing literature on metagenomic gene discovery.

Main Results:

  • Metagenomics significantly expands the repertoire of available prokaryotic genes.
  • The technique is still developing but shows impressive contributions.
  • Various strategies exist to isolate specific genes of interest from metagenomic data.

Conclusions:

  • Metagenomics is a vital and rapidly advancing technique for discovering novel microbial genes.
  • Despite current limitations, its future prospects for biotechnology are substantial.
  • Further development of metagenomic methods will accelerate innovation in genetic engineering and industrial processes.