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Re-emergence of glanders in India - Report of Maharashtra state

Praveen Malik1, S K Khurana, S K Dwivedi

  • 1National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125001 Haryana India.

Indian Journal of Microbiology
|October 27, 2012
PubMed

Insights

A recent outbreak of glanders, a contagious equine disease with zoonotic potential, occurred in India. Control measures were successful in Maharashtra, but the infection

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Microbiology
  • Zoonotic Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Glanders is a highly contagious, notifiable disease affecting equids, caused by Burkholderia mallei.
  • It poses significant zoonotic risks and was previously confined to specific regions in India.
  • A notable outbreak recently emerged in Maharashtra, India.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report and analyze a major outbreak of glanders in equids in Maharashtra, India.
  • To detail the diagnostic methods and control strategies employed.
  • To assess the effectiveness of control measures and identify potential sources of infection.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical examination of affected equids.
  • Laboratory analysis of serum, nasal swabs, and pus samples.
  • Isolation of Burkholderia mallei.
  • Complement Fixation Test (CFT) for serological diagnosis.
  • Implementation of control strategies as per the Glanders and Farcy Act, 1899.

Main Results:

  • Glanders was confirmed in equines in Pune and Panchgani areas of Maharashtra.
  • Burkholderia mallei isolates were obtained from pus and nasal swabs.
  • 23 serum samples tested positive for glanders via CFT.
  • The outbreak was successfully controlled in Maharashtra.
  • Subsequent surveillance of over 3,500 equines showed negative results.

Conclusions:

  • The outbreak in Maharashtra was effectively managed using established control protocols.
  • Despite successful containment, the possibility of the infection's origin in North India warrants further investigation.
  • Continued vigilance and surveillance are crucial for preventing future outbreaks of this zoonotic disease.
Keywords:
Burkholderia malleiComplement fixation testEquinesGlandersHorse

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