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Fractures: Bone Repair

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...

Flail Chest-I

Flail Chest-I

Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...

Sutures of the Skull

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...

Compact Bone

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...

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Coronoid-Temporalis Pedicled Flap for Orbital Floor Defect Reconstruction

Coronoid-Temporalis Pedicled Flap for Orbital Floor Defect Reconstruction

Published on: December 5, 2025

Coronoid fractures.

Jeffrey E Budoff¹

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Jebudoff@yahoo.com

The Journal of Hand Surgery

|October 30, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Coronoid fractures are rarely isolated, often indicating severe elbow instability. Current guidelines recommend surgical repair for all associated coronoid fractures, irrespective of fragment size, to address elbow instability.

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic Surgery
Traumatology
Elbow Biomechanics

Background:

Coronoid fractures are seldom isolated injuries.
They frequently occur with other elbow injuries, forming major instability patterns.
Understanding these patterns is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

To detail the common instability patterns associated with coronoid fractures.
To review current recommendations for managing these fractures.
To describe surgical techniques for repair.

Main Methods:

Classification of coronoid fractures based on associated instability patterns.
Review of current orthopedic literature and treatment guidelines.
Detailed description of surgical repair techniques.

Main Results:

Type 1 fractures link to terrible triad injuries.
Type 2 fractures correlate with varus posteromedial rotatory instability.
Type III fractures are seen in transolecranon fracture-dislocations.

Conclusions:

Coronoid fractures are key indicators of complex elbow instability.
Surgical repair is recommended for all associated fractures, regardless of size.
Detailed surgical techniques are essential for successful outcomes.