Search research articles

Related Concept Videos

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Design and Implementation of an Electronic Tool to Measure Medication Adherence at the Point of Care.

Clinical diabetes : a publication of the American Diabetes Association·2020

Same author

A pragmatic randomized clinical trial of insulin glargine 300 U/mL vs first-generation basal insulin analogues in insulin-naïve adults with type 2 diabetes: 6-month outcomes of the ACHIEVE Control study.

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism·2020

Same author

Making Inroads in Addressing Population Health in Underserved Communities With Type 2 Diabetes.

Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association·2019

Same author

Clinical Characteristics and Glycemic Outcomes of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Requiring Maximum Dose Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed-Ratio Combination or Insulin Glargine in the LixiLan-L Trial.

Advances in therapy·2019

Same author

Hypoglycaemia and treatment patterns among insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes who switched to insulin glargine 300 units/mL versus other basal insulin in a real-world setting.

Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism·2019

Same author

A randomized trial comparing the efficacy and safety of treating patients with type 2 diabetes and highly elevated HbA1c levels with basal-bolus insulin or a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist plus basal insulin: The SIMPLE study.

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism·2019

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes.

Luigi F Meneghini¹

¹University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA. lmeneghi@med.miami.edu

|October 30, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Insulin therapy effectively manages diabetes by controlling blood glucose. Newer insulin analogs offer improved safety profiles, reducing hypoglycemia risk compared to older NPH insulin options.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Metabolic Disorders
Pharmacology

Background:

Insulin therapy is crucial for diabetes management, especially in patients with beta-cell dysfunction.
Type 2 diabetes often requires insulin when oral agents or incretin therapies fail to achieve glycemic control.
Basal insulin is a common starting point for managing fasting hyperglycemia.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role and strategies of insulin therapy in achieving glycemic control in diabetes.
To compare the efficacy and safety of different insulin preparations.
To discuss the management of post-prandial hyperglycemia and advanced insulin regimens.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on insulin therapy for diabetes.
Analysis of comparative studies on basal insulin analogs and NPH insulin.
Discussion of titration strategies for basal and prandial insulin regimens.
Consideration of concentrated insulin preparations for resistant cases.

Main Results:

All basal insulins effectively lower fasting plasma glucose and improve A1C.
Newer basal insulin analogs have a lower risk of hypoglycemia than NPH insulin.
Fixed prandial insulin doses can achieve acceptable glycemic control in many patients.
Concentrated U-500 insulin is beneficial for resistant type 2 diabetes.

Conclusions:

Insulin therapy is a cornerstone of diabetes management, with various options available.
Selection of insulin type and regimen should balance glycemic control with hypoglycemia risk and weight gain.
Individualized titration and monitoring are essential for safe and effective insulin therapy.