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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Fungal Phylum Microsporidia01:28

Fungal Phylum Microsporidia

Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Feeding of Ticks on Animals for Transmission and Xenodiagnosis in Lyme Disease Research
08:23

Feeding of Ticks on Animals for Transmission and Xenodiagnosis in Lyme Disease Research

Published on: August 31, 2013

Tularemia in central Anatolia.

A Ulu-Kilic1, G Gulen, F Sezen

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (IDCM), Erciyes School of Medicine, Talas-Kayseri, Turkey. draysegululu@yahoo.co.uk

Infection
|October 30, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Tularemia treatment success is linked to early intervention and specific ultrasound findings in lymph nodes. Prompt antibiotic therapy, particularly with ciprofloxacin, improves outcomes in tularemia epidemics.

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Feeding of Ticks on Animals for Transmission and Xenodiagnosis in Lyme Disease Research
08:23

Feeding of Ticks on Animals for Transmission and Xenodiagnosis in Lyme Disease Research

Published on: August 31, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Bacteriology
  • Medical Microbiology

Background:

  • Tularemia is a bacterial zoonosis with varied clinical presentations.
  • Infection routes and bacterial subspecies influence disease manifestations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate tularemia clinical presentations and treatment outcomes.
  • To define ultrasound (US) findings in tularemia patients.
  • To explore the association between US findings and treatment success.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective data collection from tularemia cases (December 2009 - August 2011).
  • Serological screening using microagglutination test.
  • Microbiological analysis including throat swab and lymph node aspirate cultures, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  • Lymph node characterization via ultrasound (US) and histopathology.

Main Results:

  • 139 tularemia cases confirmed; mean age 43, 60.4% female.
  • Predominant clinical forms: oropharyngeal (74%), glandular (15.8%), oculoglandular (5.0%).
  • Therapeutic failure observed in 30.9% of patients, associated with elevated ESR/CRP and specific US lymph node characteristics (e.g., increased size, necrosis).
  • Early treatment significantly improved success rates (p=0.004).
  • Treatment success was 40% in patients with intranodal necrosis.

Conclusions:

  • This study is the first to correlate US findings with tularemia treatment success.
  • Ultrasound is valuable for assessing disease severity and predicting treatment outcomes.
  • Ciprofloxacin is an effective treatment option during tularemia epidemics.
  • Early treatment initiation remains critical for successful tularemia therapy.