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In vitro Functional Characterization of Mouse Colorectal Afferent Endings
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Rectal hyposensitivity.

Rebecca E Burgell1, S Mark Scott

  • 1Academic Surgical Unit (GI Physiology Unit), Wingate Institute and Neurogastroenterology Group, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.

Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
|October 30, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rectal hyposensitivity (RH), or blunted rectal sensation, is linked to constipation and fecal incontinence. Interventions improving RH may alleviate these hindgut symptoms.

Keywords:
ConstipationFecal incontinenceRectal hyposensitivity

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Neurogastroenterology
  • Colorectal Science

Background:

  • Rectal hyposensitivity (RH) involves impaired rectal sensation, clinically defined by elevated sensory thresholds to rectal balloon distension.
  • RH is associated with hindgut functional disorders, primarily constipation and fecal incontinence.
  • The precise mechanisms and role of RH in symptom generation are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a contemporary overview of rectal hyposensitivity.
  • To focus on diagnostic methods, clinical associations, pathophysiology, and treatment strategies for RH.
  • To elucidate the role of RH in constipation and fecal incontinence.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on rectal hyposensitivity.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and clinical associations of RH.
  • Examination of pathophysiological mechanisms, including afferent pathway disruption and rectal biomechanics.
  • Review of various treatment paradigms for RH and associated symptoms.

Main Results:

  • RH is characterized by elevated sensory thresholds, contributing to constipation and fecal incontinence.
  • Potential causes of RH include primary afferent pathway disruption, secondary effects of abnormal rectal biomechanics, or a combination.
  • Interventions aimed at correcting RH, such as behavioral therapy, neuromodulation, and surgery, show symptomatic improvement.

Conclusions:

  • Rectal hyposensitivity is a significant factor in functional bowel disorders.
  • Understanding the pathophysiology of RH is crucial for developing effective treatments.
  • Correction of RH through various interventions offers a promising therapeutic avenue for patients with constipation and fecal incontinence.