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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management

The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses, temperature changes,...
Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...

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Related Experiment Videos

[Peripheral nerve damage in patients with leprosy].

J Grimaud1

  • 1Service de neurologie et d'explorations fonctionnelles neurologiques, pôle neurologie, rhumatologie, médecine interne et médecine du sport, hôpital Louis-Pasteur, Chartres cedex, France. jgrimaud@ch-chartres.fr

Revue Neurologique
|October 31, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Leprosy, a major global health threat, causes nerve damage and disability, often accompanied by stigma. Early diagnosis by neurologists is crucial for treatment and preventing irreversible nerve damage, even without skin lesions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Context:

  • Leprosy is a significant global health concern, identified by the WHO as a major threat in developing nations.
  • Nerve damage from leprosy can lead to disabilities and disfigurement, contributing to social stigma.
  • While rare in Europe, early diagnosis is vital for neurologists to manage patient suffering and prevent nerve damage.

Purpose:

  • To emphasize the importance of considering leprosy in the differential diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy.
  • To highlight the need for early detection and intervention in leprosy cases.
  • To underscore the current gaps in understanding leprosy's immune response and nerve damage mechanisms.

Summary:

  • Leprosy can cause nerve damage before, during, and after treatment, leading to long-term disabilities and stigma.
  • Neurologists must consider leprosy in peripheral neuropathy diagnoses, particularly in patients from endemic areas, even without skin lesions.
  • The immune response and mechanisms of nerve damage in leprosy are not fully understood, and effective predictive tests or treatments are lacking.

Impact:

  • Facilitates earlier diagnosis and treatment of leprosy, potentially reducing patient suffering and long-term disability.
  • Raises awareness among healthcare professionals, especially neurologists, about the importance of including leprosy in differential diagnoses.
  • Highlights the need for further research into the pathogenesis of nerve damage in leprosy and the development of better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.