Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 17, 2026

High-Density Lipoprotein-Specific Phospholipid Efflux Assay
Published on: September 30, 2025
A new accurate, simple formula for LDL-cholesterol estimation based on directly measured blood lipids from a large
Caio Mauricio Mendes de Cordova1, Mauricio Mendes de Cordova
1Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Blumenau-FURB, Rua São Paulo 2171, Campus III, Itoupava Seca, CEP 89030-000, Brazil. cmcordova@furb.br
Background:
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) is the major measured parameter for cardiovascular risk assessment. The generally accepted formula (LDL-F) for estimating LDL-c developed by Friedewald and colleagues in 1972 using data from 448 individuals suffers from known inaccuracies at extremes of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) values.
Methods:
We generated new formulas based on a large Brazilian database containing directly measured lipid values from 10,664 fasted individuals. This database LDL-c was measured by the LDL-C Select FS (DiaSys) system, a homogeneous method without centrifugation. The formulas were generated using linear and non-linear approaches, and the formula with the highest accuracy and simplicity for general clinical use was selected.
Results:
The simple formula LDL-c = 3/4 (TC - HDL-c) provided an accurate estimate of LDL-c, a higher correlation with directly measured LDL (r = 0.93) compared with LDL-F (r = 0.87), and also a higher accuracy.
Conclusions:
The new formula outperformed several other LDL-c formulas over a wide range of TC, HDL-c and TG values. The validation and application of this formula in other populations is warranted.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile
Serum lipids are fats and fatty substances in the blood and are crucial for various bodily functions, including energy storage, cellular structure, and hormone production. Serum lipids consist of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids.
Cholesterol is a soft, fat-like substance found in all body cells. It is crucial for producing hormones, vitamin D, and substances that aid...
Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation
Considering cholesterol and...
Lipids: Dietary Sources and Requirements

