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Dialysis

Dialysis

Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...

Dialysis

Dialysis

Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...

Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications

Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a medical process that removes waste products and excess fluid from the body using the peritoneal membrane as a natural filter.Peritoneal Dialysis MethodsSeveral methods can be used for peritoneal dialysis, including Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis, also known as Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis.Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (AIPD) is used for patients with uremic...

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or those experiencing drug overdose often require extracorporeal methods to eliminate accumulated drugs and metabolites. Hemoperfusion, hemofiltration, and dialysis are the primary techniques to rapidly remove harmful substances without disrupting the patient's fluid and electrolyte balance. For those with compromised renal function, dosage adjustments of concurrent medications may be necessary during extracorporeal drug removal.Dialysis is a process...

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis

Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis

Published on: July 19, 2018

Inflammation from dialysis, can it be removed?

Steven G Achinger¹, Juan Carlos Ayus

¹Department of Nephrology, Watson Clinic, LLP – Lakeland, FL, USA.

Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association

|October 31, 2012

Summary

Failed arteriovenous (AV) grafts in hemodialysis patients are linked to higher chronic inflammation markers. Surgical removal of inflammation sources may improve outcomes for select dialysis patients.

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Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis

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Published on: July 20, 2022

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Inflammation Research
Vascular Access

Background:

High mortality in US hemodialysis (HD) patients, particularly new end-stage renal disease (ESRD) cases.
Chronic inflammation is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease in HD patients.
Arteriovenous (AV) access complications can harbor occult infections, exacerbating chronic inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between failed AV grafts and chronic inflammatory markers in HD patients.
To provide mechanistic insights into the causes of chronic inflammation in dialysis patients.
To explore the potential impact of removing chronic inflammation foci on patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

Analysis of a large cohort of hemodialysis patients.
Assessment of chronic inflammatory markers in relation to AV graft status.
Review of existing literature on inflammation in failed renal allografts.

Main Results:

Failed AV grafts were significantly associated with increased chronic inflammatory markers.
The study provides a mechanistic understanding of chronic inflammation in dialysis patients.
Evidence suggests failed renal allografts also harbor chronic inflammation, resolving upon removal.

Conclusions:

Failed AV grafts contribute to the chronic inflammatory state in hemodialysis patients.
Surgical removal of chronic inflammation foci may be a therapeutic strategy for select dialysis patients.
Addressing inflammation sources could potentially improve overall inflammatory status and survival in HD patients.