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The first successfully cloned mammal was Dolly, a sheep, born on 5th July 1996 at Roslin Institute, Scotland. The cloned sheep was named after the American singer Dolly Parton. Dolly lived for seven years and died of respiratory complications, which is speculated to be due to the actual age of her DNA. Because the DNA in cloned cells belongs to an older individual,  the cloned individual’s life expectancy may be affected. Indeed, analysis of Dolly’s DNA revealed shorter telomeres than other...
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Updated: May 17, 2026

Double Whole Mount in situ Hybridization of Early Chick Embryos
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Published on: October 27, 2008

The Texas Twin Project.

K Paige Harden1, Elliot M Tucker-Drob, Jennifer L Tackett

  • 1Department of Psychology, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA. harden@psy.utexas.edu

Twin Research and Human Genetics : the Official Journal of the International Society for Twin Studies
|November 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The Texas Twin Project examines how socioeconomic factors and race influence genetics in children. This study aims to understand psychosocial outcomes in diverse, economically disadvantaged families.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral genetics
  • Developmental psychology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Macro-environmental factors like socioeconomic status (SES) and race/ethnicity may moderate genetic influences on psychosocial outcomes.
  • The Texas Twin Project (TTP) was designed to oversample low-SES and minority families.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate genetic and environmental influences on psychosocial outcomes in a diverse sample of twins.
  • To examine the role of SES and racial/ethnic minority status in moderating genetic effects.

Main Methods:

  • Recruitment of school-aged twins (K-12) from public schools in Austin and Houston, Texas.
  • Oversampling of African American, Hispanic/Latino, and non-Hispanic White families, with over 50% meeting US guidelines for economic disadvantage.
  • Data collection via family-based surveys (parent and child reports) and in-laboratory assessments of adolescent decision-making, delinquency, and substance use.

Main Results:

  • Initial focus on family-based surveys assessing personality, psychopathology, physical health, academic interests, parent-child relationships, and home environment.
  • In-laboratory studies examining adolescent decision-making, delinquency, and substance use.

Conclusions:

  • The TTP provides a unique, diverse sample for studying gene-environment interactions in psychosocial development.
  • Future directions include statewide expansion and genotyping to further elucidate genetic and environmental contributions.