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Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models

Published on: August 9, 2012

Illicit ketamine and its bladder consequences: is it irreversible?

Rozh Jalil¹, Suresh Gupta

¹Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK. rozh6@yahoo.com

BMJ Case Reports

|November 1, 2012

Summary

Ketamine abuse can cause severe bladder damage, a condition known as ketamine bladder syndrome. This condition leads to ulcerative cystitis and significant urinary symptoms, potentially causing irreversible harm.

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models

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A Mouse Model to Evaluate the Long-Term Structural and Functional Outcomes after the Reversal of Prolonged Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction

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Published on: July 18, 2025

Area of Science:

Urology
Toxicology
Nephrology

Background:

Ketamine abuse is a growing public health concern.
Emerging evidence suggests a link between ketamine use and urinary tract pathology.
The term 'ketamine bladder' has been proposed to describe this clinical entity.

Observation:

Four young patients presented with severe lower urinary tract symptoms.
These patients were referred to a urology unit for evaluation.
Ulcerative cystitis was diagnosed in all four patients.

Findings:

The diagnosed ulcerative cystitis was found to be secondary to ketamine abuse.
The clinical presentation included significant lower urinary tract symptoms.
The underlying pathophysiology of ketamine-induced cystitis remains unclear.

Implications:

Ketamine abuse can lead to severe and potentially irreversible urinary system damage.
Early recognition and diagnosis of ketamine bladder are crucial.
Current treatment strategies for ketamine bladder are primarily symptomatic.