Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can have a...
Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in different ways based on the...
The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic

In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the $2,000...
Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
Social Exchange Theory02:06

Social Exchange Theory

We have discussed why we form relationships, what attracts us to others, and different types of love. But what determines whether we are satisfied with and stay in a relationship? One theory that provides an explanation is social exchange theory. According to social exchange theory, we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003).

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Exploring how to improve experimenter training in experimental psychopathology: Lessons from and for the trauma film paradigm.

Clinical psychology review·2026
Same author

Effect of emotion on hippocampal-dependent associative binding through the lens of the weather prediction task.

Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience·2025
Same author

Dynamic learning of the meaning of information changes pain perception.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Validating a measure of the precision of ascending signals in pain perception.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2025
Same author

Emotional time travel: the role of emotion in temporal memory.

Cognition & emotion·2025
Same author

Episodic retrieval for model-based evaluation in sequential decision tasks.

Psychological review·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

How costs influence decision values for mixed outcomes.

Deborah Talmi1, Alex Pine

  • 1University of Manchester Manchester, UK.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|November 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding how the brain values mixed outcomes is key. This study explores theoretical models for integrating costs and benefits, proposing new assays to determine how our brains make these complex decisions.

Keywords:
aversive decision-makingcost-benefit analysisdecision-makingdecision-making and neuroeconomicseconomic modelspunishmentreward

More Related Videos

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
13:04

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
07:05

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

Published on: September 10, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
13:04

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
07:05

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

Published on: September 10, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Decision Science
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Subjective value is crucial for decision-making, yet how the brain integrates costs and benefits into a single value remains unclear.
  • Existing economic and empirical models offer frameworks for understanding value integration, but their neurobiological underpinnings require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present theoretical models for integrating costs and benefits into a single subjective value.
  • To propose novel experimental assays for distinguishing between additive and interactive models of value integration.
  • To bridge economic theory and empirical neuroscience for a deeper understanding of valuation mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of theoretical models from economics and psychology.
  • Proposal of two key experimental assays to test competing valuation models.
  • Selective review of neurobiological studies from a computational perspective.

Main Results:

  • Theoretical models for integrating costs and benefits are described, focusing on additive versus interactive integration.
  • Two novel assays are proposed to empirically differentiate between these models, assessing cost-only decisions and changes in reward sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive neuroscience holds significant potential to identify the brain's preferred valuation model.
  • Further empirical research is needed to fully address how the brain evaluates mixed outcomes, balancing costs and benefits.