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Related Concept Videos

Diversity of Protists I01:15

Diversity of Protists I

Excavata is a diverse group of protists that includes both chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic species, with some thriving in anaerobic environments. Among the key groups within Excavata are diplomonads and parabasalids, which are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. These microorganisms typically inhabit anoxic environments, such as the intestines of animals, where they exist either symbiotically or as parasites, relying on fermentation for energy production. Some...
Diversity of Protists II01:27

Diversity of Protists II

Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
Diversity of Protists IV01:27

Diversity of Protists IV

Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...
Diversity of Protists III01:27

Diversity of Protists III

Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...
Septins01:19

Septins

Septins are protein filaments forming the cytoskeleton along with the microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and other accessory proteins. In 1971 while studying the cell division cycle in mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Harwell et al. first identified the septin-related genes playing a crucial role in yeast cytokinesis. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that these proteins localize at the budding neck as rings. These ring-like proteins were then named Septins by John Pringle, and...
Lampbrush Chromosomes01:51

Lampbrush Chromosomes

In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops resemble the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Ultrastructural Expansion Microscopy in Three In Vitro Life Cycle Stages of Trypanosoma cruzi
09:45

Ultrastructural Expansion Microscopy in Three In Vitro Life Cycle Stages of Trypanosoma cruzi

Published on: May 12, 2023

[Three patterns of trypanosomatid cryptogene structural organization].

E S Gerasimov, N S Efimova, A A Kolesnikov

    Molekuliarnaia Biologiia
    |November 2, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers sequenced cryptogenes in unstudied trypanosomatids, revealing editing domain length reduction in A6 and COIII genes. Comparative analysis categorized cryptogenes into three patterns based on sequence conservation and editing variation.

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    Purification of Extracellular Trypanosomes, Including African, from Blood by Anion-Exchangers (Diethylaminoethyl-cellulose Columns)

    Published on: April 6, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Evolutionary Biology
    • Genetics

    Context:

    • Investigating cryptogenes in previously unstudied homoxenous trypanosomatid species.
    • Exploring phylogenetic diversity within trypanosomatid groups.

    Purpose:

    • To identify and characterize cryptogenes in novel trypanosomatid species.
    • To analyze sequence conservation and editing domain length variation.
    • To understand factors influencing cryptogene evolution.

    Summary:

    • Sequencing of cryptogenes from diverse trypanosomatids revealed new instances of editing domain length reduction in A6 and COIII.
    • Comparative sequence analysis classified cryptogenes into three distinct patterns based on conservation and editing variation.
    • The study discusses factors affecting cryptogene structure and evolution, including alternative RNA editing in Wallaceina sp. Wsd.

    Impact:

    • Provides insights into the evolutionary dynamics of cryptogenes in trypanosomatids.
    • Establishes a framework for classifying cryptogenes based on sequence and editing characteristics.
    • Highlights the significance of RNA editing in trypanosomatid gene evolution.