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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract01:28

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
Urine Studies I: Urinalysis01:29

Urine Studies I: Urinalysis

Urinalysis is a widely used diagnostic test that analyzes urine's physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics. Healthcare providers use it to detect and monitor various health conditions, including renal disease, urinary tract infections (UTIs), diabetes, and metabolic or systemic disorders.Components of UrinalysisUrinalysis consists of three primary components: physical, chemical, and microscopic examination. Each provides unique insights into the urine sample and, by extension, the...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History01:21

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History

The genitourinary system is critical to maintaining fluid balance, waste elimination, and reproductive function. Nurses play a vital role in assessing this system, beginning with a thorough health history. This process involves gathering patient information, identifying risk factors, and recognizing symptoms of genitourinary disorders. Early detection is vital for timely interventions and management.1. Gathering Patient InformationA complete health history includes the patient’s personal,...
Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry01:19

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
05:25

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Published on: August 14, 2019

Biomarkers for lower urinary tract dysfunction.

Kang Jun Cho1, Joon Chul Kim

  • 1Department of Urology, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea.

International Journal of Urology : Official Journal of the Japanese Urological Association
|November 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Discovering new biomarkers for lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTS) is crucial due to current treatment limitations. This review explores promising imaging, urinary, serum, and genetic markers for improved LUTS evaluation and management.

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Real-Time Void Spot Assay
06:39

Real-Time Void Spot Assay

Published on: February 10, 2023

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
05:25

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Published on: August 14, 2019

Real-Time Void Spot Assay
06:39

Real-Time Void Spot Assay

Published on: February 10, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction

Background:

  • Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTS) is common but poorly managed due to low treatment efficacy and compliance.
  • Urodynamic studies, while standard, have limitations including invasiveness and poor symptom reproducibility.
  • Existing biomarkers for LUTS lack sufficient evidence for widespread clinical use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss promising and potential biomarkers for lower urinary tract dysfunction.
  • To highlight the need for further investigation into novel LUTS diagnostic tools.
  • To explore various biomarker categories including imaging, urinary, serum, and genetic markers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on lower urinary tract dysfunction biomarkers.
  • Analysis of imaging biomarkers (ultrasonography of bladder and prostate).
  • Evaluation of urinary biomarkers (neurotrophins, prostaglandins, cytokines) and serum markers (C-reactive protein, sex hormones).
  • Exploration of potential genetic biomarkers for LUTS.

Main Results:

  • Nerve growth factor (NGF) is identified as a key factor in LUTS pathophysiology.
  • Ultrasonography parameters show potential as imaging biomarkers.
  • Neurotrophins, prostaglandins, cytokines, C-reactive protein, and sex hormones are under investigation as urinary and serum biomarkers.
  • Genetic biomarkers represent an emerging area for LUTS research.

Conclusions:

  • Current biomarkers for lower urinary tract dysfunction require further validation and investigation.
  • Novel biomarkers are essential to improve the diagnosis and management of LUTS.
  • A multi-faceted approach combining different biomarker types may offer the most comprehensive evaluation of LUTS.