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Related Concept Videos

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Overview01:21

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Overview

Sample preparation is an essential step in the analytical process. It involves preparing a sample so that it can be analyzed accurately. The goal is to extract the analyte, the substance you want to measure, from the sample while removing any components that may interfere with the analysis. Sample preparation techniques vary depending on the physical state of the sample.
Bulk or large solid samples are typically reduced in size using grinding, crushing, or milling techniques to increase the...
Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques01:08

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques

Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...
Preparation of Epoxides03:00

Preparation of Epoxides

Overview
Epoxides result from alkene oxidation, which can be achieved by a) air, b) peroxy acids, c) hypochlorous acids, and d) halohydrin cyclization.
Epoxidation with Peroxy Acids
Epoxidation of alkenes via oxidation with peroxy acids involves the conversion of a carbon–carbon double bond to an epoxide using the oxidizing agent meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, commonly known as MCPBA. Since the O–O bond of peroxy acids is very weak, the addition of electrophilic oxygen of peroxy acids to...
Preparedness and Phobias01:09

Preparedness and Phobias

Human fear responses to certain stimuli, such as darkness, heights, deep water, and blood, can often arise despite the absence of direct negative experiences. This phenomenon is rooted in evolutionary psychology, which posits that humans have developed a predisposition to fear stimuli that historically posed significant survival threats. This predisposition, known as preparedness, suggests that early humans who developed a fear of potentially dangerous entities, such as venomous snakes and...
Preparation of Nitriles01:12

Preparation of Nitriles

One of the common methods to prepare nitriles is the dehydration of amides. This method requires strong dehydrating agents like phosphorous pentoxide or boiling acetic anhydride for converting amides to nitriles. Another reagent namely, thionyl chloride also accomplishes the dehydration of amides, where amide acts as a nucleophile. The first step of the mechanism involves the nucleophilic attack by the amide on the thionyl chloride to form an intermediate. In the next step, the electron pairs...
Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Overview01:31

Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Overview

There are various methods for the preparation of carboxylic acids. For example, oxidation of primary alcohols or aldehydes using strong oxidizing agents results in a carboxylic acid. Aldehydes can also be oxidized in the presence of mild oxidizing agents.

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Related Experiment Video

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E-Patient Counseling Trial (E-PACO): Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy
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Preparing for PrEP.

Patrick Lacor1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. patrick.lacor@uzbrussel.be

The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care : the Official Journal of the European Society of Contraception
|November 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) offers HIV protection for HIV-negative individuals at risk. This analysis explores societal readiness for PrEP as a key HIV prevention strategy.

Area of Science:

  • * Public Health
  • * Infectious Diseases
  • * Pharmacology

Background:

  • * Antiretroviral drugs show potential in preventing HIV infection among seronegative individuals exposed to sexual transmission risks.
  • * The implementation of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) raises significant considerations regarding cost, safety, and ethical implications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To analyze the multifaceted aspects of PrEP.
  • * To assess societal preparedness and acceptance of PrEP as an HIV prevention tool for high-risk sexual contacts.

Main Methods:

  • * Review and analysis of existing studies on PrEP efficacy and implementation challenges.
  • * Examination of cost, safety, and ethical factors associated with PrEP.
  • * Assessment of societal attitudes and readiness for PrEP adoption.

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Main Results:

  • * PrEP demonstrates efficacy in preventing HIV transmission in specific contexts.
  • * Significant questions persist regarding the economic viability, safety profile, and ethical considerations of widespread PrEP use.
  • * Societal acceptance and preparedness for PrEP integration remain key areas for evaluation.

Conclusions:

  • * PrEP is a promising biomedical intervention for HIV prevention.
  • * Addressing concerns related to cost, safety, and ethics is crucial for successful PrEP implementation.
  • * Further research and public discourse are needed to determine society's readiness to embrace PrEP as a standard HIV prevention method.