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Updated: May 17, 2026

The Forced Swim Test as a Model of Depressive-like Behavior
Published on: March 2, 2015
G × E interaction and neurodevelopment II. Focus on adversities in paediatric depression: the moderating role of
M Bellani1, M Nobile, V Bianchi
1Section of Psychiatry and Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Inter-University Center for Behavioural Neurosciences (ICBN), University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Abstract:
In a short series of articles, we will review the evidence for genotype by environment interaction (G × E) in developmental psychopathology. We will focus specifically on the characteristics of types of exposure assessed with respect to both their methods and findings. This article aims to review the studies exploring the moderating role of serotonin transporter on the effect of environmental adversities over time, particularly during childhood and adolescence, which is when level of internalizing symptoms and prevalence of mood disorders change substantially. Environmental adversities will not include abuse and maltreatment that have been reviewed before (see Bellani et al. 2012) and child's broader social ecology that will be reviewed in the next section.
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