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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model
08:49

A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model

Published on: May 18, 2018

[Systemic therapy for malignant melanoma].

B M Rudolph1, A Groffik, C Stanger

  • 1Hautklinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Deutschland.

Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, Und Verwandte Gebiete
|November 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dacarbazine was a standard melanoma treatment with low response rates. Newer therapies like immune modulators and kinase inhibitors offer better outcomes but face challenges, necessitating further clinical studies for improved survival.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Immunotherapy

Context:

  • Metastatic melanoma treatment has historically relied on dacarbazine, despite its limited efficacy.
  • Recent advancements include targeted therapies such as anti-CTLA4 antibodies and MAPK pathway kinase inhibitors.

Purpose:

  • To review current and emerging therapeutic strategies for metastatic melanoma.
  • To highlight the limitations of existing treatments and the need for ongoing research.

Summary:

  • While novel agents like immune modulators and kinase inhibitors improve response rates and survival, long-term efficacy is limited by patient subgroup response and acquired resistance.
  • Classical chemotherapy, such as dacarbazine, may still play a role, particularly in combination therapies.

Impact:

  • Identifies the need for continued clinical investigation into advanced melanoma treatments.
  • Emphasizes the importance of combination strategies to overcome treatment resistance and improve long-term patient survival.
  • Suggests a future direction for melanoma therapy research focusing on optimizing existing treatments and exploring novel combinations.