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The impact of CKD identification in large countries: the burden of illness
Vivekanand Jha1, Angela Yee-Moon Wang, HaiYan Wang
1ERA–EDTA Registry, Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. vjha@pginephro.org
Insights
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing global health problem with severe consequences. Early detection and public health initiatives are crucial to reduce its impact and improve patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant global public health concern.
- CKD contributes substantially to the non-communicable disease burden worldwide.
- CKD is linked to severe health issues like mortality, end-stage renal disease, and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the increasing global incidence and prevalence of CKD.
- To emphasize the serious health consequences and economic impact of CKD.
- To advocate for global efforts in CKD awareness, prevention, and early detection.
Main Methods:
- This study is a review and synthesis of existing data on CKD prevalence, consequences, and impact.
- Analysis of global trends in CKD incidence and contributing factors like diabetes and hypertension.
- Assessment of the association between CKD and mortality, particularly CVD mortality.
Main Results:
- CKD incidence and prevalence are rising globally, driven by factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity.
- Mortality from CVD is significantly higher (8-10 fold) in individuals with CKD.
- The economic burden of CKD is substantial and increasing.
Conclusions:
- Urgent global action is needed to raise CKD awareness.
- Integrating CKD prevention into public health agendas is essential.
- Implementing early screening and detection programs, especially for high-risk populations, can mitigate CKD progression and improve patient health outcomes.
Abstract:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming a major public health issue worldwide and an important contributor to the overall non-communicable disease burden. It is associated with major serious consequences including increased risk of mortality, end-stage renal disease, accelerated cardiovascular disease (CVD), mineral and bone disease, adverse metabolic and nutritional consequences, infections, reduced cognitive function and increased risk of acute kidney injury. Mortality from CVD is estimated to be at least 8- to 10-fold higher in CKD subjects compared to non-CKD subjects. Estimates from different parts of the world, especially large countries, reveal an increasing incidence and prevalence of CKD. This is partly attributed to the global increasing prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, obesity and CVD. The global economic impact of CKD is tremendous. This calls for the need of a global effort to raise awareness of CKD, to incorporate prevention of CKD progression program in the public health agenda and to implement programs for early screening and detection of CKD, especially in high-risk population so to allow early institution of treatment to prevent further CKD progression. Hopefully, by doing so, we may reduce CKD burden globally over time and, most importantly, improve the health outcomes of patients with CKD.
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