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Related Concept Videos

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition02:35

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition

Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the atmosphere, the...
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Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
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Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.
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Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme nitrate reductase...
The Phosphorus Cycle01:21

The Phosphorus Cycle

Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.
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Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...

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Breeding by Design for Functional Rice with Genome Editing Technologies
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Breeding by Design for Functional Rice with Genome Editing Technologies

Published on: January 3, 2025

Approaches towards nitrogen- and phosphorus-efficient rice.

K K Vinod1, Sigrid Heuer

  • 1Indian Agricultural Research Institute , New Delhi , India.

Aob PLANTS
|November 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Developing nutrient-efficient rice is crucial for global food security. This involves breeding rice varieties that thrive with less nitrogen and phosphorus, utilizing advanced molecular techniques for improved crop yields.

Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Breeding
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Increasing global food demand necessitates higher agricultural productivity.
  • Resource scarcity and high energy costs require more efficient farming systems.
  • Developing rice varieties with high yield under low nutrient conditions is a key breeding objective.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in rice production.
  • To assess the potential of relevant genes and pathways for breeding applications from a breeder's perspective.
  • To explore strategies for enhancing nutrient use efficiency in rice.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewing current knowledge on N and P metabolism in rice.
  • Analyzing reported quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to nutrient uptake and utilization.

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  • Evaluating the application of molecular marker technology in breeding programs.

    • Main Results:

    • A holistic approach combining optimized fertilizer management and enhanced nutrient uptake is essential for nutrient-efficient rice.
    • Despite numerous reported N- and P-related genes and QTLs, few are utilized in current molecular breeding.
    • Identifying large-effect genes/QTLs is challenging due to complex pathway regulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Focusing on tolerant genotypes rather than model plants is crucial for identifying relevant tolerance pathways.
    • Breeding for nutrient efficiency requires a deeper understanding of gene regulation and large-effect QTLs.
    • Molecular breeding holds significant promise for developing high-yielding, nutrient-efficient rice varieties.