[Water and electrolyte metabolism disturbances in patients with metabolic syndrome]

Taking into account the high prevalence of renal disease in metabolic syndrome (MS), relationship between the reduction of the renal function and severity of disorders of lipid metabolism and increased risk of cardiovascular complications, evaluation of electrolyte and nitrogen metabolism was performed for 112 patients with MS. In addition, serum levels ofaldosterone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, cortisol, beta2-microglobulin, vasopressin, and level of microalbumin in urine were assessed. MS patients showed a reduction of the daily expression of the main osmotically active substance - urea, potassium, sodium and chloride. The increased production of antidiuretic hormone and related water retention, increased microalbumin excretion, indicating the development of systemic endothelial dysfunction and glomerular hyperfiltration, were detected. Reported violations are developing by type of "vicious circle": fluid retention leads to hyperfiltration, renal dysfunction exacerbates water-electrolyte disorders.