Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Rapid Fractionation and Isolation of Whole Blood Components in Samples Obtained from a Community-based Setting
11:31

Rapid Fractionation and Isolation of Whole Blood Components in Samples Obtained from a Community-based Setting

Published on: November 30, 2015

Psychometric properties of the Cook Medley hostility scale and its association with inflammatory markers in African

Denee T Mwendwa1, Mana K Ali, Regina C Sims

  • 1Department of Psychology, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA. dmwendwa@howard.edu

Psychology, Health & Medicine
|November 3, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Hostility

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Dispositional hostility, measured by the Cook Medley Hostility (Ho) Scale, is linked to inflammation and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
  • Specific hostility factors may predict cardiovascular health outcomes better than a general hostility construct.
  • African Americans face a disproportionate burden of CVD but are underrepresented in hostility and health research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore latent hostility factors and their relationship with inflammatory markers (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and C-reactive protein [CRP]) in African Americans.
  • To address the research gap concerning hostility, inflammation, and CVD risk in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Administered the Cook Medley Hostility (Ho) Scale to a community sample of African Americans.
  • Collected blood samples for plasma IL-6 and CRP measurement via enzymatic-linked immunosorbent assay.
  • Utilized confirmatory factor analysis to identify latent hostility factors and subfactors.

Main Results:

  • Confirmatory factor analysis identified three main hostility factors and seven subfactors.
  • Hostile affect was significantly associated with elevated CRP levels.
  • Predatory self-interest was significantly associated with elevated IL-6 levels.

Conclusions:

  • African Americans exhibit a distinct pattern of hostility.
  • Two specific hostility subfactors (hostile affect and predatory self-interest) are linked to CVD markers.
  • Further research is needed to understand how hostility influences health outcomes in African Americans.

More Related Videos

Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response06:31

Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response

Published on: October 3, 2019

Related Concept Videos

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination02:55

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who are...
Surveys02:16

Surveys

Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
Stereotype Content Model02:16

Stereotype Content Model

The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence categorization, a person will feel...
Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:
Cochran's Q Test01:17

Cochran's Q Test

Cochran's Q Test is a nonparametric statistical test used to determine if there are potential differences in the outcomes of three or more related groups on a binary (yes/no) or dichotomous outcome. It is essentially an extension of the McNemar Test, which is limited to two related samples - Cochran's Q test can handle three or more related samples, making it more versatile in scenarios where subjects are measured under multiple conditions. The test statistic follows a Chi-Square distribution,...