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In vitro effect of gold and silver nanoparticles on human spermatozoa
E Moretti1, G Terzuoli, T Renieri
1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Applied Biology Section, University of Siena, Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Research and Therapy of Male Infertility, University of Siena, Ospedale Santa Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy.
Andrologia
|November 3, 2012
Summary
Gold and silver nanoparticles (Au/Ag NPs) showed dose-dependent effects on human sperm. High concentrations (250-500 μM) were not harmful in vitro, but genotoxicity requires further study.
Area of Science:
- Nanotechnology
- Reproductive Toxicology
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used in biomedical applications.
- Understanding the impact of NPs on human reproductive cells is crucial.
- Gold (Au) and silver (Ag) NPs are common nanomaterials with potential biological interactions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity of Au/Ag NPs on human spermatozoa.
- To evaluate the effects of varying concentrations of Au/Ag NPs on sperm motility and viability.
- To determine the localization of NPs within human spermatozoa.
Main Methods:
- Human semen samples were incubated with different concentrations (30-500 μM) of Au/Ag NPs at 37°C for 60-120 minutes.
- Sperm motility was assessed using WHO guidelines.
- Sperm viability was determined via the eosin Y test.
- NP characterization and localization were performed using field emission gun-based scanning transmission electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy.
Main Results:
- Both Au NPs and Ag NPs demonstrated a significant, dose-dependent decrease in human spermatozoa motility and viability (P < 0.001).
- Ag NPs exhibited slightly higher toxicity, though not statistically significant (P > 0.05).
- Au NPs were successfully localized within spermatozoa, while Ag NPs were undetectable.
Conclusions:
- Au NPs and Ag NPs do not appear to pose a significant threat to human spermatozoa at high concentrations (250-500 μM) likely unachievable in vivo.
- Further research into the potential genotoxic effects of NPs on germ cells is essential.
- The findings suggest a need for careful consideration of NP concentrations in reproductive health applications.
